Eta says armed campaign is over

20 October 2011 Last updated at 13:00 ET

The Basque separatist group Eta says it has called a “definitive cessation” to its campaign of bombings and shootings.

In a statement provided exclusively to the BBC, Eta called on the Spanish and French governments to respond with “a process of direct dialogue”.

The declaration, if followed through, would bring an end to Eta’s campaign of violence, which has lasted more than 40 years and killed more than 800 people.

The Spanish government has not yet responded to the announcement.

Analysts say it is likely to react with caution, and repeat its call for Eta to disarm and disband.

They say Eta has been badly weakened by a security crackdown in recent years.

The declaration follows a conference this week in the Basque Country, attended by international statesmen including former UN Secretary General Kofi Annan, and protagonists in the Northern Ireland peace process.

They called on Eta to lay down its arms.

The BBC’s Madrid correspondent, Sarah Rainsford, says the event was so carefully choreographed that this move from Eta was widely anticipated.

Ceasefire broken

Its announcement is the latest step in what Eta claims is a transition to peaceful methods.

In September 2010, it announced, again to the BBC, a decision not to carry out further attacks.

Eta’s last ceasefire was broken by its 2006 Madrid airport bomb

In January this year, it declared a permanent and “internationally verifiable” ceasefire.

Spain’s Socialist government has continued to insist that it will not negotiate on demands for Basque self-determination until Eta disbands.

The government is cautious about engaging in another peace process, after the last one failed.

It opened contacts with Eta when the group called a “permanent” ceasefire in 2006, only to break it by bombing an airport car park in Madrid, killing two people.

The group has also abandoned previous ceasefires.

Inigo Gurruchaga, of El Correo, the most prominent newspaper in the Basque Country, says Eta simply used previous truces to reorganise and rearm.

But this time appears to be different, he says.

Not only has there not been a killing for more than two years, but businessmen have stopped receiving demands for a “revolutionary tax”, and there have not been street protests by Eta supporters for several months.

The group is also widely considered to have been seriously weakened, by a concerted Spanish and French crackdown.

Dozens of Eta militants, including successive leaders, have been arrested and jailed, and analysts say the group realises its days are numbered.

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